Individuals may appeal sentences of death. For Human Rights, Death Penalty in Iran: A State Terror Policy- Special Update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty, p. 9, Oct. 2013.

[15] U.N.G.A., 69th Session, 73rd Plenary Meeting, pp. [93] Iran Human Rights, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran- At Least 676 Executions in 2011, http://iranhr.net/2012/03/annual-report-on-the-death-penalty-in-iran-at-least-676-executions-in-2011/, Mar. Given the secrecy surrounding executions, exact numbers are difficult to obtain and different figures are given by various organizations. [7] Other prisons throughout Iran are also characterized by cramped and unhygienic conditions.

29, 2019. [88] Iran Human Rights, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran: 2010, http://iranhr.net/spip.php?article1984, Feb. 11, 2011.

[66] Iran Anti-Narcotics Law, arts. 15, 2010. Fed. Individuals have occasionally been flogged prior to stoning. [5] In Evin, where some death row inmates are held (including death-sentenced juveniles), [6] conditions are particularly poor. 27, 2013 [18] Iran Anti-Narcotics Law, arts. There are a number of online legal resources in Farsi: [26] Intl. For Human Rights, Death Penalty in Iran: A State Terror Policy- Special Update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty, p. 4, Oct. 2013. In fact keelhauling was so feared, that the term is still used today as a word to describe being harshly punished, or given extreme discipline for a minor violation of rules. 28, 2009. [16] In 2010, the Human Rights Council confirmed that Iran continues to apply the death penalty for non-serious crimes and acts that should not be treated as crimes. A/71/1047, Sep. 13, 2017. 29(b), 48(e), U.N. Doc. [17] Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran of 1991, art.

- Fornication. [41]. Already from the times of Ashurnasirpal II (r. 883-859 BC), the practice is displayed and commemorated in both carvings and official royal edicts. [38] Iran Criminal Code of Procedure for Public and Revolutionary Courts, art.

[107] Iran Human Rights, Iran: 13 Executions in 14 Days; Reza Askari Executed on “Espionage” Charges, https://www.iranhr.net/en/articles/4325/, Jul. [35] Sunni Muslims and Christians of different national backgrounds are convicted of “moharebeh” for their proselytizing activities.

of State, 2012 Human Rights Report: Iran, http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/204571.pdf, Apr, 19, 2013. The Press Code of 1985 prescribes the death penalty for blasphemy against the Prophet.

12, 2018. [25] Intl. [32] A non-Muslim active party in homosexual sodomy is also subject to the death penalty under Article 224 of the Islamic Penal Code. [9] The government continues to press for the execution of stoning sentences. [61] Amnesty Intl., Death Sentences and Executions in 2010, p. 5, ACT 50/001/2011, Mar.

[48] Intl.

For Human Rights, Death Penalty in Iran: A State Terror Policy- Special Update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty, p. 5, Oct. 2013.

[61], Robbery Not Resulting in Death.Armed robbery may carry the mandatory death penalty as a hadd offense. 26, 2010.

For Human Rights, Death Penalty in Iran: A State Terror Policy- Special Update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty, 9, Oct. 2013. 16, 2010; Intl. Finger and Toe Wedging Wedging became popular hundreds of years before the Middle Ages; its origins probably date to Ancient Egypt.

28, 2009. Offenses punishable under tazir, such as drug offenses, are punishable by death but need not carry the mandatory death penalty, so a mandatory death penalty in these cases should arise from statutory language that leaves no room for judicial discretion in sentencing.

for Human Rights, Iran—Death Penalty: A State Terror Policy, generally, Apr. [13] In 2008 and 2010, a report by the Secretary-General and report by the Human Rights Council observed that this remains the case, [14] and the General Assembly adopted a resolution demanding that Iran cease discrimination against minority groups.

[20] Despite the change in leadership in Iran in August 2013, there have not been any significant changes as far as the application of the death penalty is concerned.

Fed. [122] Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran of 1991, art. 27, 2013.

Reports indicate that death-sentenced prisoners are incarcerated at a variety of locations. 73rd session, Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms, para.

For Human Rights, Death Penalty in Iran: A State Terror Policy- Special Update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty, p. 5, Oct. 2013. 286, as amended on Apr.



167, 1979, translation ICL, as amended in 1989.

Scaphism is an ancient Persian method of death sentence by torture.
He was sentenced to 100 lashes.”, There is considerable reason to believe that the death penalty is used as a tool to stifle political dissent, especially against ethnic minorities. For Human Rights, Death Penalty in Iran: A State Terror Policy- Special Update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty, 9, Oct. 2013.

[10] U.N. ESC, Commission on Human Rights, Civil and Political Rights, Including the Question of Freedom of Expression, paras.

1-3, http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session7/IR/ELEI_UPR_IRN_S07_2010_ExtraLegalExecutionsinIran.pdf , Sep. 2009. 4, 2012.

11, 2010. [10]
[39] Furthermore, the Anti-Narcotics Law stipulates that individuals sentenced to death for drug crimes do not have the right to appeal.

The death sentence is mandatory upon the fourth occasion of a theft conviction. [18] 16, 2010.

[96] Iran Human Rights, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran: 2010, http://iranhr.net/spip.php?article1984, Feb. 11, 2011.

[9] Iran Human Rights, One Man was Executed by the Firing Squad, and then Hanged in Isfahan Province Early This Morning, http://iranhr.net/spip.php?article169, Jan. 26, 2008. [12] [55] The government does not respect the role of the attorney as a zealous advocate no matter the client, [56] and the judiciary is not considered independent.

[64] Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran of 1991, art.

[124] In practice, the very limited exclusion for people who are insane at the time of their offense is “extremely narrowly defined or applied in a restrictive and discriminatory manner.” [125]. 27, 2013; Intl.

If the offender is the father or paternal grandfather of the victim, he is exempt from the death penalty under Article 301 of the Islamic Penal Code (IPC).

[120] Iran has executed the most juveniles of any country since 1990, with 47 executions confirmed by Amnesty. Between 721 and 801 at least.. 27, 2013; A/67/841, Apr. 5, 9, 1997, translation: United Nations, 2005. Iran HRM, Monthly Report – May 2018, https://iran-hrm.com/index.php/2018/06/04/iran-human-rights-monitor-monthly-report-may-2018/, Jun.

of State, 2009 Human Rights Report: Iran, http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/nea/136068.htm, Mar. 171, Dec. 16, 1966, http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-5&chapter=4&lang=en, last accessed Feb. 9, 2014.

[8] Iran Human Rights, Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran-2012, 11, http://iranhr.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/FINAL-Rapport_iran_2012-GB-250313-HD.pdf, Apr. For Human Rights, Death Penalty in Iran: A State Terror Policy- Special Update for 11th World Day Against the Death Penalty, p. 9, Oct. 2013. [35], Espionage.Under the Armed Forces Offenses Act of 2003, civilians may be executed for spying. 26, 2010.