native american legislation timeline


1924 – The Indian Citizenship Act extended citizenship and voting rights to all American Indians born in the U.S. on June 2, 1924.
While the initial response was enthusiastic, within five years the relocation program was counted as a failure, with 50% percent of the participants returning to their reservations. Bush approves a joint resolution designating November 1990 as “National American Indian Heritage Month”. As the United States moved into the 20th Century and the Indian Wars were a thing of the past, the initial effort of the nation was to assimilate the Indians into American culture. The U.S. v. Wheeler Supreme Court Decision was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held the Double Jeopardy Clause does not bar the federal prosecution of a Native American who has already been prosecuted by the tribe. On August 7, 2008, a U.S, a federal judge ruled that American Indian plaintiffs were entitled to $455 million, a fraction of the $47 billion they sought in a one-year trial for alleged losses on royalties overseen by the Interior Department since 1887. Tourism empowers cultural perpetuation. This was followed by a series of court battles leading to a final decision by the United States Supreme Court in 1981 that ruled in favor of the Seminole affirming their right to operate their bingo hall. Launched in 2004, GovTrack helps everyone learn about and track the activities of the United States Congress. This was the first of many late 20th Century failures to “mainstream” the Indian population.

In the next decades, the U.S. pass more laws to move Native Americans into mainstream American society. In 1994, the Project regulations were amended. His first volume was published in 1907 and the last two volumes appeared in 1930. This win by the Cabazon tribe opened the door to Indian gambling nationwide. 1954 –Maine Native Americans given the right to Vote in Federal elections. 1725 to 1726 - Indians and settlers reach accord in Dummer's Treaty, ending Dummer's War.

Today, many American Indian languages have been lost; less than 100 languages currently are spoken by Indians. Alaska was added in 1958. Prior to the occupation, the Oglala Sioux on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, trouble had been brewing between the Indian activists that supported AIM and tribal leaders who had the support of the BIA. The Seminole were the first tribe to enter into the gaming industry when they built a high-stakes bingo hall on their reservation at Hollywood, Florida.

Seminole Indians in Miami, Keystone View Co., 1926.

In the case of Seminole Nation v. United States, the court held officials of the United States were to be held to the “most exacting fiduciary standards” in performing their duties toward American Indians. Financial benefits from tourism can enhance the ability of Native communities to protect their cultural resources and preserve natural landscapes. When guards at the BIA informed the tribal members that Bureau officials would not meet with them and threatened forcible removal from the premises, the activists began a week-long siege of the BIA building.
1906 – The Antiquities Act is passed which declared that Indian bones and objects found on federal land were the property of the United States. This land, comprised of 10% of the state, was 44 million acres of land. The Longest Walk is the last major event of the Red Power Movement. 1846 - Writer and transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau visits Indian Island for the first time. The Commission would then review the case and assess the amount, if any, that was to be paid in compensation.

1950 – First bridge to Indian Island is completed. Menomonee Chiefs Oshkosh and Keshena met with federal Indian agents in Keshena Falls, Wisconsin and agreed to retain only 275,000 acres from their original 9.5 million acres. The violence that ensued was coupled with the criminalization of the AIM movement, the result of which was an undermining of the Indian movement for self-determination. The Committee was originally created in the early 19th century but disbanded in 1946 when Indian affairs legislative and oversight jurisdiction was vested in subcommittees. The legislation settled four long-standing Native American water rights suits in Arizona, New Mexico, and Montana. In order to deal with increasing unemployment among American Indians, the BIA enacted a new policy to persuade large numbers of Indians to relocate into urban areas in 1953. 2008 – The Coquille Indian Tribe on the southern Oregon coast adopted marriage equality policies, the first tribal nation to do so openly in the United States. The Iroquois Confederacy declared war on Germany. 1820 – Maine becomes a state as part of the Missouri Compromise. This is a project of Civic Impulse, LLC. 1833 – Four Penobscot Townships are "sold" by the State of Maine. “Travel is an engine for economic and job growth, and it helps communities maintain a level of service that would require more taxes, had it not been for travel-generated tax revenue. It recognized that the Dawes Act was the cause of poverty on reservations, finds boarding schools overcrowded and undersupplied with students underfed, and the schools’ unsanitary conditions giving rise to diseases. From the government’s perspective, Native Americans were to become taxpaying citizens, subject to state and federal taxes as well as laws, from which they had previously been exempt. 1972 – The Trail of Broken Treaties, a  cross country protest was held when over 500 Indian activists traveled across the United States to Washington, DC where they planned to meet with BIA officials and to deliver a 20-point proposal for revamping the agency and establishing a government commission to review treaty violations. He finished fourth. 1803 The Louisiana Purchase: the United States buys the 828,000 square miles of land from France, which doubled the size of the US. 1979 – The Seminole Tribe of Florida and Gaming was established. 1857 – Henry David Thoreau hired Joe Polis as a guide. AIANTA is designated a coordinating partner, and charged with fulfillment of section 4353(d) of the Act, which calls for an “organization or entity to serve as a facilitator between the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce and the Indian tribes, tribal organizations, and Native Hawaiian organizations” in order to “identify areas where technical assistance is needed through consultations” and to “provide a means for the delivery of technical assistance…”, Supporters of the NATIVE Act (National Organizations), Supporters of the NATIVE Act (Regional and Statewide Organizations), Supporters of the NATIVE Act (Tribal and Alaska Village Governments).